Zimbabwe is one of the Southern African Development Community's (SADC) climate change hotspots. Climate change can be defined as the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.
It has decimated and shifted livelihoods, leaving already vulnerable communities exposed to diseases, cyclones, frequent droughts, and rising temperatures. This week’s column therefore discusses why there is a need for the government together with citizens particularly the youths to take climate action.
There are many factors contributing to climate change such as greenhouse gases. Human activities — especially fossil-fuel combustion since the Industrial Revolution — are responsible for steady increases in atmospheric concentrations of various greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons.
Also, the conversion of vegetation by deforestation, afforestation, and agriculture, is regarded as a further source of climate change.
It is becoming increasingly clear that human impacts on vegetation cover can have local, regional, and even global effects on climate, due to changes in heat flux to the atmosphere and the distribution of energy within the climate system.
Other factors contributing to climate change include solar variability, tectonic activity, orbital variations, and volcanic activity.
Despite the negative impacts of climate change felt by communities, Zimbabwe's response to climate change is inadequate. In this way, the urban people, and vulnerable groups particularly youths and women who reside in urban high-density areas are disproportionately impacted by climate change.
They have limited access to decent jobs and lack stable access to food and nutrition.
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Furthermore, the effects of climate change on certain rural areas’ productivity can encourage people to move to cities, which accelerates population growth in urban areas particularly high-density suburbs.
According to the United Nations Food Programme (UNFP), urban areas are already home to more than 50% of the world’s population and by 2050, the percentage is expected to reach almost 70%.
To attain climate neutrality, public participation is crucial.
Yet, engagement must be carried out in a meaningful way for the participating institutions and citizens to have the desired effects.
Especially in the context of urban development, citizen-led mitigation and adaptation are essential for the advancement and acceleration of climate policy action.
For instance, enhancing their knowledge and ability to shape environmental and climate change policy, will greatly help young people so that local solutions can flourish.
To speed up bottom-up climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives in the urban environment, the top-down method necessitates the creation of concrete action plans for public involvement and engagement.
The need for public participation in climate action is not new, despite increased focus in recent years.
Giving citizens a voice in climate change-related decision-making has long been recognized and supported by intergovernmental organizations and authorities, as seen by the 1992 Rio Declaration, the 2015 Paris Agreement, the 2020 European Climate Pact, and the European Green Deal.
Similarly, to this, the scholarly literature generally agrees on the advantages of public involvement in environmental decision-making.
They include raising fresh perspectives based on local knowledge and skills, encouraging social learning, and increasing community acceptance and support for climate initiatives.
Additionally, it has been found that meaningful engagement is essential for ensuring that policies are developed in a socially responsible manner.
Empowering citizens to actively participate in and jointly own their climate-neutral futures is very important even though it is still unclear how this might be accomplished.
The actual design of public participation has not been the subject of any systematic empirical studies.
Although it is important to engage citizens in climate action, a structural barrier to meaningfully involving citizens in climate change adaptation and planning is the absence of supportive policies, regulations, and planning tools.
Additionally, other challenges faced by citizens are the lack of environmental awareness and denial of climate change, attachment to location, and self-perceptions.
Deliberative events, to start, show the active part that citizens can play in making decisions and creating a consensus-based strategy to address challenging issues, such as climate change and food systems.
This structure is thought to be able to address the conflict between citizens and experts and break the generational impasse in representative democracy.
In Zimbabwe, the local governments should set up forums for interaction with citizens so that they can discuss climate change issues in the same way they discuss service delivery issues.
This is very important because youths should assume leadership roles in developing solutions to this urgent issue of climate change.
There are numerous ways to do this, for example, by identifying gaps in youth engagement through research and data collection.
Also, sensitizing the youth and local communities about climate change by enhancing awareness through robust training curricula that use local languages to ensure inclusion.
Furthermore, widespread youth involvement in disaster preparedness and response, particularly at the grassroots level, can contribute to the development of a youth engagement movement.
In addition, increasing the adoption of best practices in agricultural and environmental projects at the community and individual levels.
To put youth front and center, we can also include youth participation in advocacy for swift action on the climate crisis.
Participatory budgeting, community members deciding how to distribute public funds, has long been acknowledged to involve residents in local governance and decision-making.
Local authorities and rural district councils (RDCs) in Zimbabwe might adopt this concept to support climate change adaptation, all of which will be decided upon by locals.
This budget ensures an increase in citizen awareness of the advantages of climate change adaptation and mitigation in a way that meets their needs.
In other places, green participatory budgeting has been proposed to achieve a more equitable and environmentally friendly post-pandemic recovery.
Restoring natural environments for the most vulnerable communities by fusing ecosystem restoration with community development.
For instance, residents are engaging in urban agriculture, which is exposing cities to land degradation.
A community-led, nature-based solution that addresses poverty, hunger, and climate change through the regeneration of trees and shrubs is tree planting and identifying suitable land for agriculture for the residents.
Creating green jobs and climate-smart livelihoods is also very important as communities recover from Covid-19, we must address climate change and take steps to end poverty and inequality to prevent future crises.
By assisting in the preservation and reconstruction of livelihoods while taking climate risks and climate-smart outcomes into account, we support sustainable economic activities.
We support the development of inclusive market systems, climate-smart agricultural practices, and sustainable natural resource management to boost market access and sustainable agricultural production.
Encouraging youth participation is very important because youth have already demonstrated a remarkable capacity for organizing around causes, they care about.
To improve society and have a transformative effect on young people's lives, there is a need to create spaces for their activism.
It is crucial to be dedicated to empowering girls and boys as change agents and making sure their active involvement and opinions are considered in decision-making regarding climate action at the local, national, and international levels.
Supporting increased climate action is very essential as this will take a tremendous amount of work to these targets.
Additionally, another way to empower citizens and show them that their opinions matter is through citizen science.
One such initiative is tree planting, which involves the co-creation of an open platform with citizens to promote democratic participation in measuring and comprehending air quality and ultimately increase public awareness of the issue through community conversations and discussions.
As a result, participants not only reported changing their behavior because of having better perceptions of and practical knowledge about air pollution but also having more confidence in their own opinions.
This is in line with the finding that citizen science promotes policymaking, particularly for underserved communities, and offers benefits beyond simple learning.
- Sibanda is an economic analyst and researcher.He writes in his personal capacity. — [email protected] or Twitter: @bravon96
